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Forest Development in Cold Climates

  • Book
  • © 1993

Overview

Editors:
  1. John N. Alden

    1. Institute of Northern Forestry United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Fairbanks, USA

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  2. J. Louise Mastrantonio

    1. Portland, USA

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    You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

  3. Søren Ødum

    1. Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Hørsholm Arboretum, Denmark

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Part of the book series: NATO Science Series A: (NSSA, volume 244)

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Table of contents (36 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xiv
    Download chapter PDF

  2. Socioeconomic Importance of Forests in Iceland

    1. Socioeconomic Importance of Forests in Iceland

      • Sigurður Blöndal
      Pages 1-13

  3. Biochemical and Physiological Requirements of Trees for Forest Development Beyond Tree Limits

    1. Molecular Bases for Adaptation of Coniferous Trees to Cold Climates

      • Don J. Durzan
      Pages 15-42

    2. Growth and Development of Northern Forest Trees as Affected by Temperature and Light

      • Olavi Junttila, Jarle Nilsen
      Pages 43-57

    3. Testing Winter Desiccation Resistance for Species and Provenance Selection at Timberlines

      • J. Bo Larsen
      Pages 59-64

    4. Growth of Mountain Birch (Betula Pubescens Ehrh.) in Response to Changing Temperature

      • Oddvar Skre
      Pages 65-78

    5. Performance of Mountain Birch in Different Environments in Sweden and Iceland: Implications for Afforestation

      • Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson, Mats Sonesson, Olle K. Nordell, Staffan P. Karlsson
      Pages 79-88

  4. Environmental Limitations of Forest Development at and Beyond Tree Limits

    1. Causes of Alpine Timberline: A Review of the Hypotheses

      • P. Wardle
      Pages 89-103

    2. Physiology of Trees at Treeline

      • John Grace, Jennifer James
      Pages 105-114

    3. Treeline in Relation to Climate, with Special Reference to Oceanic Areas

      • Sakari Tuhkanen
      Pages 115-134

    4. Pliocene Fossil Nothofagus (Southern Beech) from Antarctica: Phytogeography, Dispersal Strategies, and Survival in High Latitude Glacial-Deglacial Environments

      • P.-N. Webb, D. M. Harwood
      Pages 135-165

    5. Predicting Afforestation Success During Climatic Warming at the Northern Limit of Forests

      • Allen M. Solomon, Darrell C. West
      Pages 167-188

    6. Climate Change as Seen by Trees and by Climate Modelers

      • Sue Ann Bowling
      Pages 189-202

    7. Effects of Wind on Boreal Forests

      • Alexander Robertson
      Pages 203-225

    8. Long-Term Biometeorological Monitoring at Two Forest Sites in Iceland and Newfoundland: Initial Results

      • H. Thorgeirsson, J. H. McCaughey, A. Robertson, C. T. French
      Pages 227-239

  5. Potential Tree Species and Provenances for Forest Development in Cold Climates

    1. Genetic Diversity of Tree Populations at Their Arctic Limits

      • Peter M. A. Tigerstedt
      Pages 241-250

    2. Potential Species and Provenances for Forest Development in Cold Climates

      • Maximilian Hagman
      Pages 251-263

    3. Species and Provenance Choice at Northern Tree Limits in Maritime Climates

      • Roger Lines
      Pages 265-276

    4. Seed Collections from North American trees for Marginal Sites in the Nordic Countries

      • Gisle Skaret, Ola Rosvall
      Pages 277-291

    5. The Uses of Lignoses in Horticulture in Iceland

      • Jóhann Pálsson
      Pages 293-297
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Keywords

About this book

As forests decline in temperate and tropical climates, highly-developed countries and those striving for greater economic and social benefits are beginning to utilize marginal forests of high-latitude and mountainous regions for resources to satisfy human needs. The benefits of marginal forests range from purely aesthetic to providing resources for producing many goods and services demanded by a growing world population. Increased demands for forest resources and amenities and recent warming of high­ latitude climates have generated interest in reforestation and afforestation of marginal habitats in cold regions. Afforestation of treeless landscapes improves the environment for human habitation and provides for land use and economic prosperity. Trees are frequently planted in cold climates to rehabilitate denuded sites, for the amenity of homes and villages, and for wind shelter, recreation, agroforestry, and industrial uses. In addition, forests in cold climates reduce the albedo of the earth's surface in winter, and in summer they are small but significant long-lived sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Finally, growth and reproductive success of forests at their geographic limits are sensitive indices of climatic change. As efforts to adapt forests to cold climates increase, however, new afforestation problems arise and old ones intensify. Austral, northern, and altitudinal tree limits are determined by many different factors. Current hypotheses for high-latitude tree limits are based on low growing-season temperatures that inhibit plant development and reproduction.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Institute of Northern Forestry United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Fairbanks, USA

    John N. Alden

  • Portland, USA

    J. Louise Mastrantonio

  • Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Hørsholm Arboretum, Denmark

    Søren Ødum

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