Radiofrequency Radiation Standards

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiv

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2. Standards and Guidelines: Present and Proposed

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on the Protection of NATO Personnel against Radiofrequency Radiation

      • Martino Grandolfo

      Pages 3-13

   3. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Progress towards Radiofrequency Field Standards

      • Michael H. Repacholi

      Pages 15-21

   4. European Communities Progress towards Electromagnetic Fields Exposure Standards in the Workplace

      • Gianni F. Mariutti

      Pages 23-30

   5. ANSI/IEEE Exposure Standards for Radiofrequency Fields

      • James C. Lin

      Pages 31-33

   6. Radiofrequency Radiation Safety Guidelines in the Federal Republic of Germany

      • Klaus W. Hofmann

      Pages 35-40

3. Considerations for NATO Standardization Agreement

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 41-41

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   2. New Technologies for Dosimetry: Slow Luminescence

      • Johnathan L. Kiel, John G. Bruno, William D. Hurt

      Pages 43-50

   3. Biological Effects of High-Peak-Power Microwave Energy

      • Edward C. Elson

      Pages 51-54

   4. Some Recent Applications of FDTD for EM Dosimetry: ELF to Microwave Frequencies

      • Om P. Gandhi

      Pages 55-77

   5. Microwave Exposure Limits for the Eye: Applying Infrared Laser Threshold Data

      • David H. Sliney, Bruce E. Stuck

      Pages 79-87

   6. New IEEE Standards on Measurement of Potentially Hazardous Radiofrequency/Microwave Electromagnetic Fields

      • R. C. Petersen

      Pages 89-99

   7. Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Low Frequency Fields

      • J. H. Bernhardt

      Pages 101-111

4. Military Operations and RFR Standards

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 113-113

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   2. Navy Issues Surrounding DOD-EMR Safety Standards

      • John de Lorge

      Pages 115-118

   3. An Overview of the Proposed Industrial Hygiene Technical Standard for Non-Ionizing Radiation and Fields for the U.S. Department of Energy

      • John A. Leonowich, T. Edmond Hui

      Pages 119-132

   4. Radiofrequency Safety Practice in the UK Ministry of Defence

      • Bob Gardner

      Pages 133-137

   5. Practical Control of Non-Ionizing Radiation Hazards

      • Rick Woolnough

      Pages 139-146

   6. DoD Implementation of New ANSI/IEEE Personnel RF Standard

      • David N. Erwin, John E. Brewer

      Pages 147-151

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints.

• biological effects
• dosimetry
• electromagnetic
• radiation
• radiation protection
• Ultrasonography

• Radiofrequency Radiation Division, Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, USA

  B. Jon Klauenberg, David N. Erwin

• Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

  Martino Grandolfo

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