How Sanctions Work

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

   PDF

2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Trump Card or Theater? An Introduction to Two Sanctions Debates

      • Neta C. Crawford

      Pages 3-24

   3. How Sanctions Work: A Framework for Analysis

      • Neta C. Crawford, Audie Klotz

      Pages 25-42

3. Strategic Sanctions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 43-43

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   2. How Arms Embargoes Work

      • Neta C. Crawford

      Pages 45-74

   3. Sanctions and the Nuclear Industry

      • David Fig

      Pages 75-102

   4. Oil Sanctions Against Apartheid

      • Neta C. Crawford

      Pages 103-126

4. Economic Sanctions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 127-127

      PDF

   2. The US Divestment Movement

      • Meg Voorhes

      Pages 129-144

   3. Disinvestment by Multinational Corporations

      • Mzamo P. Mangaliso

      Pages 145-158

   4. The Political Economy of Financial Sanctions

      • Xavier Carim, Audie Klotz, Olivier Lebleu

      Pages 159-177

   5. “Sanctions Hurt but Apartheid Kills!”: The Sanctions Campaign and Black Workers

      • Tshidiso Maloka

      Pages 178-192

5. Social Sanctions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 193-193

      PDF

   2. Diplomatic Isolation

      • Audie Klotz

      Pages 195-212

   3. “Not Cricket”: The Effects and Effectiveness of the Sport Boycott

      • David R. Black

      Pages 213-231

   4. Cultural Boycotts and Political Change

      • Nomazengele A. Mangaliso

      Pages 232-243

6. Implications

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 245-245

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   2. Regional Dimensions of Sanctions

      • Gilbert M. Khadiagala

      Pages 247-263

   3. Making Sanctions Work: Comparative Lessons

      • Audie Klotz

      Pages 264-282

How Sanctions Work surveys theories of international sanctions and offers detailed analyses of the effect of sanctions on apartheid South Africa. Chapters by respected international experts cover cultural isolation, oil and military embargoes, trade boycotts, financial sanctions and divestment, consequences for black South Africans, and regional effects. The book shows how sanctions both directly and indirectly hurt the apartheid regime while in some cases offering succour to the anti-apartheid movement.

• campaign
• economy
• political economy
• sports
• theatre
• work

'The study enables the reader to understand how sanctions can indeed contribute to democratic transition, though often in subtle and complex ways.' - Stephen Zunes, Modern African Studies

• Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA

  Neta C. Crawford

• Department of Political Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA

  Audie Klotz

DAVID R. BLACK Associate Professor of Political Science at Dalhousie University XAVIER CARIM Deputy Director of Multilateral Trade Relations at the Department of Trade and Industry, South Africa DAVID FIG teaches sociology at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg GILBERT M. KHADIAGALA Associate Professor at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University OLIVIER LEBLEU financial consultant for several South African corporations NOMAZENGELE A. MAGALISO Assistant Professor of Sociology at Westfield State College, Westfield, Massachusetts TSHIDISO MALOKA Lecturer in History at the University of Cape Town MZAMO P. MANGALISO Associate Professor in the School of Management at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst MEG VOORHES Director of the South Africa Service at the Investor Responsibility Research Center

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