In Vitro Culture of Mycorrhizas

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XXIV

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2. State of the Art

   1. In Vitro Culture of Mycorrhizas

      • J. André Fortin, Stéphane Declerck, Désiré-Georges Strullu

      Pages 3-14

3. Systematics

   1. The Monoxenic Culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a Tool for Germplasm Collections

      • Stéphane Declerck, Sylvie Séguin, Yolande Dalpé

      Pages 17-30

   2. The Monoxenic Culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a Tool for Systematics and Biodiversity

      • Yolande Dalpé, Sylvie Cranenbrouck, Sylvie Séguin, Stéphane Declerck

      Pages 31-48

   3. Life Cycle of Glomus Species in Monoxenic Culture

      • Yolande Dalpé, Francisco Adriano de Souza, Stéphane Declerck

      Pages 49-71

   4. Life History Strategies in Gigasporaceae: Insight from Monoxenic Culture

      • Francisco Adriano de Souza, Yolande Dalpé, Stéphane Declerck, Ivan Enrique de la Providencia, Nathalie Séjalon-Delmas

      Pages 73-91

4. In Vitro Development and Physiology of Glomeromycetes

   1. Environmental Factors That Affect Presymbiotic Hyphal Growth and Branching of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

      • Gerald Nagahashi, David D. Douds Jr.

      Pages 95-110

   2. Breaking Myths on Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Vitro Biology

      • Bert Bago, Custodia Cano

      Pages 111-138

   3. Host and Non-Host Impact on the Physiology of the AM Symbiosis

      • Horst Vierheilig, Bert Bago

      Pages 139-158

   4. Carbon Metabolism, Lipid Composition and Metabolism in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

      • Anne Grandmougin-Ferjani, Joël Fontaine, Roger Durand

      Pages 159-180

   5. Monoxenic Culture as a Tool to Study the Effect of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on the Physiology of Micropropagated Plantlets in Vitro and ex Vitro

      • Yves Desjardins, Cinta Hernández-Sebastià, Yves Piché

      Pages 181-199

   6. Uptake, Assimilation and Translocation of Mineral Elements in Monoxenic Cultivation Systems

      • Gervais Rufyikiri, Nathalie Kruyts, Stéphane Declerck, Yves Thiry, Bruno Delvaux, Hervé de Dupré Boulois et al.

      Pages 201-215

   7. Interaction of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Soil-Borne Pathogens and Non-Pathogenic Rhizosphere Micro-Organisms

      • Marc St Arnaud, Annemie Elsen

      Pages 217-231

5. Root Organ Culture of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

   1. Cistus incanus Root Organ Cultures: a Valuable Tool for Studying Mycorrhizal Associations

      • Andrew P. Coughlan, Yves Piché

      Pages 235-252

   2. Cultivation of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Fungi by in Vitro Mycorrhizal Synthesis

      • Giovanna Maria Giomaro, Davide Sisti, Alessandra Zambonelli

      Pages 253-267

6. Root Organ Culture of Other Fungal Symbioses

   1. Geosiphon pyriformis—a Glomeromycotan Soil Fungus Forming Endosymbiosis with Cyanobacteria

      • Arthur Schüßler, Elke Wolf

      Pages 271-289

   2. Sebacinaceae: Culturable Mycorrhiza-Like Endosymbiotic Fungi and Their Interaction with Non-Transformed and Transformed Roots

      • Ram Prasad, Huong Giang Pham, Rina Kumari, Anjana Singh, Vikas Yadav, Minu Sachdev et al.

      Pages 291-312

7. Biotechnology

   1. Large-Scale Inoculum Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Root Organs and Inoculation Strategies

      • Alok Adholeya, Pragati Tiwari, Reena Singh

      Pages 315-338

8. Methodology

   1. Methodologies for in Vitro Cultivation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Root Organs

      • Sylvie Cranenbrouck, Liesbeth Voets, Céline Bivort, Laurent Renard, Désiré-Georges Strullu, Stéphane Declerck

      Pages 341-375

9. Back Matter

   Pages 377-388

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The ?rst 30 cm of the earth’s surface represents a fragile and valuable ecos- tem, thanks to which terrestrial plants, and indirectly animals and humans, can live. The microbial activity occurring in soil is largely responsible for its physical and nutritional quality. Among the micro-organisms living in soil, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a major role. They are present in all types of soil, everywhere on the planet, living in symbiotic association with the roots of most plant species. They have co-evolved with plants for 400 million years, improving their nutrition and resistance to v- ious types of stress. Present practices in conventional agriculture, which introduce great amounts of chemicals, have eliminated or underexploited the AM symbiosis. The rational exploitation of AM fungi in sustainable agriculture, to help minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has been hampered by several biological characteristics of these mic- organisms: they cannot be grown in the absence of a plant host and their genetic structure is very complex. Despite these limitations, biologists have made important progress in understanding better the functioning of AM fungi. An in vitro technique has been developed using mycorrhizal root organ cultures, which made it possible to investigate the genetics, cell biology and physiology of AM fungi. We can now be objective enough to critically evaluate the impacts the in vitro technique has had to improve our knowledge on mycorrhizal symbiosis.

• Assimilat
• Pathogen
• biodiversity
• biology
• biotechnology
• carbon
• development
• fungi
• growth
• metabolism
• mycorrhiza
• physiology
• plant growth
• soil
• systematics

From the reviews:

"There is no doubt that this book will interest not only mycorrhizologists, but also more generally, researchers working with obligate plant biotropic microorganisms recalcitrant to axenic culture in the absence of host roots. This volume of the Soil Biology series compiles experts’ advice and know-how in the use of in vitro cultivation methods in AM symbiosis research. … this book will be useful to researchers envisaging in vitro system for conservation, production, and studies of mycorrhizal fungi." (Ghislaine Recorbet, Mycorrhiza, 2006)

"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form an extremely important group of soil fungi. … This book, edited by three well-known experts in the field, gives an overview of the technology and reviews results obtained so far. … This is the book that I would have seen written. … strikes a good balance between optimism about the successes in store for the novel methodology and a critical attitude towards the methodology. The book will certainly be a very welcome addition to libraries … ." (Thomas W. Kuyper, Mycopathologia, Vol. 162, 2006)

"The Editors clearly explain how the obligate nature of AM fungi makes it difficult to study most aspects of their biology, and how the use of root-organ-cultures (ROCs) has opened new opportunities and vistas on several aspects of the AM symbiosis. … The book is very interesting and worth considering as a reference manual … ." (Paola Bonfante, Mycological Research, Vol. 110, 2006)

• Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL), Unité de microbiologie, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

  Stéphane Declerck

• Département de Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Centre de Recherche en Biologie Forestière, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Canada

  J. André Fortin

• Laboratoire de Phytonique, Université d’Angers, Angers Cedex, France

  Désiré-Georges Strullu

This is the first book describing in vitro cultivation of root organs. The text describes various biological aspects such as the physiology, biochemistry, biodiversity, and life cycles of fungi, as well as the effects of symbiosis on plant growth and development, including large-scale fungus production for biotechnological use. Detailed protocols allow the immediate application of the method to culture mycorrhizal fungi in vitro.

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