Electrical Stimulation and Neuromuscular Disorders

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-IX

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2. Effects of Nerves on Muscle

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Role of Activity in the Development of the Mammalian Motor Unit

      • G. Vrbová

      Pages 3-11

   3. Skeletal Muscle Adaptation in Response to Chronic Stimulation

      • D. Pette

      Pages 12-20

   4. The Effect of Long-Term Electrical Stimulation on Capillary Supply and Metabolism in Fast Skeletal Muscle

      • O. Hudlická, M. A. Cotter, J. Cooper

      Pages 21-32

   5. The Acetylcholine Receptor and Neural Control of Its Distribution

      • F. Vyskočil

      Pages 33-44

   6. Factors Influencing Motor Nerve Growth

      • C. E. Henderson

      Pages 45-49

3. Repair Processes in the Peripheral Nervous System

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 51-51

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   2. Neural Activity and the Reorganization of Motor Units in Reinnervated Skeletal Muscle

      • R. R. Ribchester

      Pages 53-63

   3. Electrical Activity in Injured Peripheral Nerves

      • T. Gordon, L. Davis

      Pages 64-74

   4. Assessment of the Regenerative Capacity of Peripheral Nervous System: Enhancement of Sprouting Capacity by Exogenous Gangliosides

      • M. Vitadello, C. Triban, P. Marini, R. Zanoni, M. Fabris, A. Gorio

      Pages 75-79

   5. Effects of Activity on Restorative Processes in the Autonomic Nervous System

      • R. Jones, G. Burnstock

      Pages 80-87

4. Muscle Plasticity in Disease

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 89-89

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   2. The Role of Passive Stretch in Retarding Muscle Atrophy

      • D. F. Goldspink, G. Goldspink

      Pages 91-100

   3. Stimulation of Denervated Muscle: What Do Isometric and Isotonic Recordings Tell Us?

      • D. M. Lewis, W. S. Al-Amood, C. Rosendorff

      Pages 101-113

   4. Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Denervated Muscle

      • W. A. Nix

      Pages 114-124

   5. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Normal and Diseased Human Muscle

      • O. M. Scott, G. Vrbová, S. A. Hyde, V. Dubowitz

      Pages 125-131

   6. Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis with Daily Short-Term Electrostimulation

      • O. Schmitt

      Pages 132-143

5. Back Matter

   Pages 145-147

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In many cases of neuromuscular disorders the physician is faced with a complete lack of therapeutic approaches. This helplessness places the doctor in a position of conflict between his desire to help and his awareness that there is no treatment. In this situation it is tempting to indiscriminately use any procedure that avoids an admission of medical helplessness while satisfying the patient's demand for treatment. Electrical interventions are often used to avoid this situation. Due to the random use of therapeutic approaches it is not known what really happens. Presumptions and biased empirical observations have led to the exten­ sive use of different forms of electrical stimulation regimes in neuromuscular diseases. Due to this unsatisfactory situation it is necessary to know more about appropriate methods that are being used in particular disorders. The search for a better understanding of nerve-muscle interaction has shown that certain activity patterns can influence muscle. These experi­ mental results provide a rational basis for a possible therapeutic use of electrical stimulation of nerve and muscle. Previously most research has been conducted in normal tissue, and little is known regarding the re­ sponses of diseased muscle. In an interdisciplinary approach to this, it is our intention to present the current knowledge about basic principles of electrical stimulation in normal muscle. Before electrical stimulation can be accepted as a therapeutic tool, we felt it necessary to summarize the effects of activity in normal and diseased muscle and nerve.

• diseases
• intervention
• muscle
• nervous system
• research
• tissue
• treatment
• conservative orthopedics

• Neurologische Klinik, Universitätskliniken, Mainz, Germany

  W. A. Nix

• Department of Anatomy and Centre for Neuroscience, University College, London, UK

  G. Vrbová

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